In the air freight industry, selecting the right cargo aircraft is one of the key factors determining the success of every shipment. Each aircraft model has unique structural and functional characteristics that directly affect its payload capacity, cargo size limits, and overall transport efficiency.

1. Classification by Fuselage Structure

Based on fuselage width, commercial cargo aircraft are generally divided into two main types:

1.1. Narrow-Body Aircraft

These aircraft have a fuselage width of approximately 3–4 meters (10–13 ft), with a single aisle between passenger seats.

• Cargo characteristics: The lower deck cargo holds of narrow-body aircraft usually carry bulk cargo — goods are loaded directly without using Unit Load Devices (ULDs) such as pallets or containers.
• Common examples: Boeing B737, B757, Airbus A318, A319. 
• Note: Some models like Airbus A320 or A321 can be equipped with optional loading systems for specialized containers, typically handling cargo up to 120x100x100 cm per piece.

1.2. Wide-Body Aircraft

These are larger aircraft with a fuselage width of at least 4.72 meters (15 ft. 6 in.), featuring two aisles.

• Cargo characteristics: The main cargo compartments are located on the lower deck, fitted with a Cargo Loading System (CLS) that allows loading goods on pallets or containers (ULDs)
• 
• • Common examples: Airbus A330, A350, Boeing B747, B777.
  • Maximum cargo size per piece: approximately 300x240x160 cm.
  2. Classification by Cargo Function and Purpose

  Depending on their operational purpose, aircraft used in air freight are grouped into three main categories:

  2.1. Passenger Aircraft (PAX)

  • Configuration and Function: Primarily designed for passenger transport on the main deck, with belly cargo carried in the lower deck holds.
  • Advantages: 
  • High flight frequency and extensive route network.
  • Suitable for small, high-value, or time-sensitive shipments.
• Limitations:
• • Strict limits on cargo dimensions and weight.
  • Dangerous goods (DG) are often restricted or prohibited.
  • Best for: high-value goods, express parcels, documents, electronics, and perishable items requiring speed.

  2.2. Dedicated Freighter Aircraft (F)

  The backbone of the air cargo industry. These aircraft are designated as Freighter (F) or CAO (Cargo Aircraft Only), typically used for heavy, oversized, or dangerous goods.

• 
• Configuration and Function: Both main and lower decks are dedicated to cargo. Freighters feature large loading doors (side or nose) and reinforced floors for heavy loads.
• Advantages:
• • Massive payload capacity, up to 100+ tons (e.g., B747F).
  • Capable of handling oversized or overweight shipments.
  • Approved for most classes of Dangerous Goods (DG) under CAO regulations.
• Limitations:
• • Less frequent flight schedules compared to PAX aircraft.
  • Higher operational costs.

  2.3. Air Cargo Charter Flights

  A flexible transport solution not bound by fixed airline schedules, allowing shippers to customize routes and timelines.

  • Configuration and Function: Usually utilizes Freighter (F) or Passenger-to-Freighter (P2F) converted aircraft, operating based on customer requests.
• Advantages:
• • Total flexibility: Shippers decide departure, destination, and schedule.
  • Exclusive service: The entire aircraft is dedicated to one shipment — ideal for urgent or oversized cargo.
  • Best for: project cargo, humanitarian aid, emergency relief, seasonal goods, or specialized supply chains.

  Conclusion

  Choosing the right cargo aircraft goes beyond just freight rates — it depends on the nature, size, and weight of your shipment.

  With deep expertise in air cargo logistics, Viva Cargo Logistics provides optimized air transport solutions to ensure your goods are shipped on the most suitable aircraft, safely and efficiently.

  📞 Contact us today for expert consultation and tailor-made air freight solutions!